Therefore, generating a measure of acquiescence from offer and MAO may permit more useful tests of the effects of testosterone on UG behaviour. This interaction effect between testosterone and social status among persons embedded in hierarchical relationships is a novel finding, which suggests the interesting possibility that testosterone is implicated in behaviour that could be characterised as tactical rather than dominant. We then analysed how testosterone levels were related to MAO with a general linear model analysis in which testosterone, seniority, game type, and their interactions were entered as independent variables, but found no statistically significant main or interaction effects of testosterone (Table S2). How participants’ behaviour in the UG affects the post-game measure and the change in testosterone between measures is an interesting question but does not speak to the primary research aims of this study. The main cause of estrogen dominance in men is exposure to xenoestrogens and phytoestrogens? Not only is progesterone found in males, but men rely on the alleged "female hormone" to preserve their masculinity. When many of us think of progesterone, we think of it as being a hormone strictly for women. Low testosterone may cause you to feel depressed or anxious, tired, weak, and have less interest in sex. Too much estrogen can cause your sex drive to drop and your weight to go up, particularly around your waist and hips.